What Causes Periodontal Disease?

When certain bacteria in plaque (the sticky, colorless film which is constantly forming on teeth and tissue) produce toxins and enzymes, an irritation will occur to the gums causing inflammation. This will occur if the plaque is not removed daily. The gums become red, tender and bleed from the irritation. This condition is called gingivitis. If allowed to persist, the gingivitis can progress to a chronic infection in the pockets around the teeth. Although sometimes painless, the inflammation can damage the attachment of the gums and bone to the teeth. Without treatment by a dentist or hygienist, the teeth may eventually become loose, fall out or need to be extracted by a dentist.